Zyte API browser automation#

You can use browser automation through Zyte API to get browser-rendered HTML, screenshots, or both.

For browser requests, Zyte API also supports:

Unlike HTTP requests, browser requests do not support:

  • An HTTP request method, body, or header other than Referer.

    Note

    This only affects the initial request. During a browser request, as a result of redirection, JavaScript, or actions, additional requests may be sent with no limitation on method, body or headers, and may be captured.

  • Returning non-HTML response data, other than a screenshot.

All browser request features are also available for automatic extraction requests that use a browser request as extraction source.

Browser HTML#

Browser HTML is the HTML representation of the Document Object Model (DOM) of a webpage after it has been rendered in a browser.

To get browser HTML, set the browserHtml request field to true. The browserHtml response field is the browser HTML as a string.

Note

By default, iframes in browserHtml are empty. Set includeIframes to true to embed iframe content in browserHtml.

See also HTML and browser HTML.

Example

Note

Install and configure code example requirements and the Zyte CA certificate to run the example below.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler()
{
    AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.All
};
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

var apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";
var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetBytes(apiKey + ":");
var auth = System.Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + auth);

client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "br, gzip, deflate");

var input = new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    {"url", "https://toscrape.com"},
    {"browserHtml", true}
};
var inputJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(input);
var content = new StringContent(inputJson, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");

HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract", content);
var body = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();

var data = JsonDocument.Parse(body);
var browserHtml = data.RootElement.GetProperty("browserHtml").ToString();
input.jsonl#
{"url": "https://toscrape.com", "browserHtml": true}

zyte-api input.jsonl \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml
input.json#
{
    "url": "https://toscrape.com",
    "browserHtml": true
}

curl \
    --user YOUR_API_KEY: \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data @input.json \
    --compressed \
    https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;

class Example {
  private static final String API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY";

  public static void main(final String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, IOException, ParseException {
    Map<String, Object> parameters =
        ImmutableMap.of("url", "https://toscrape.com", "browserHtml", true);
    String requestBody = new Gson().toJson(parameters);

    HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, buildAuthHeader());
    request.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
      try (CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request)) {
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String apiResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(apiResponse).getAsJsonObject();
        String browserHtml = jsonObject.get("browserHtml").getAsString();
      }
    }
  }

  private static String buildAuthHeader() {
    String auth = API_KEY + ":";
    String encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    return "Basic " + encodedAuth;
  }
}

const axios = require('axios')

axios.post(
  'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract',
  {
    url: 'https://toscrape.com',
    browserHtml: true
  },
  {
    auth: { username: 'YOUR_API_KEY' }
  }
).then((response) => {
  const browserHtml = response.data.browserHtml
})

<?php

$client = new GuzzleHttp\Client();
$response = $client->request('POST', 'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract', [
    'auth' => ['YOUR_API_KEY', ''],
    'headers' => ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip'],
    'json' => [
        'url' => 'https://toscrape.com',
        'browserHtml' => true,
    ],
]);
$api = json_decode($response->getBody());
$browser_html = $api->browserHtml;

import requests

api_response = requests.post(
    "https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract",
    auth=("YOUR_API_KEY", ""),
    json={
        "url": "https://toscrape.com",
        "browserHtml": True,
    },
)
browser_html: str = api_response.json()["browserHtml"]

import asyncio

from zyte_api import AsyncZyteAPI


async def main():
    client = AsyncZyteAPI()
    api_response = await client.get(
        {
            "url": "https://toscrape.com",
            "browserHtml": True,
        }
    )
    print(api_response["browserHtml"])


asyncio.run(main())

from scrapy import Request, Spider


class ToScrapeSpider(Spider):
    name = "toscrape_com"

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(
            "https://toscrape.com",
            meta={
                "zyte_api_automap": {
                    "browserHtml": True,
                },
            },
        )

    def parse(self, response):
        browser_html: str = response.text

Output (first 5 lines):

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <title>Scraping Sandbox</title>
        <link href="./css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <link href="./css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">

Screenshot#

To get a webpage screenshot in browser requests, set the screenshot request field to true . The screenshot response field is the Base64-encoded screenshot file data.

Example

Note

Install and configure code example requirements and the Zyte CA certificate to run the example below.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler()
{
    AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.All
};
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

var apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";
var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetBytes(apiKey + ":");
var auth = System.Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + auth);

client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "br, gzip, deflate");

var input = new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    {"url", "https://toscrape.com"},
    {"screenshot", true}
};
var inputJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(input);
var content = new StringContent(inputJson, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");

HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract", content);
var body = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();

var data = JsonDocument.Parse(body);
var base64Screenshot = data.RootElement.GetProperty("screenshot").ToString();
var screenshot = System.Convert.FromBase64String(base64Screenshot);
input.jsonl#
{"url": "https://toscrape.com", "screenshot": true}

zyte-api input.jsonl \
    | jq --raw-output .screenshot \
    | base64 --decode \
    > screenshot.jpg
input.json#
{
    "url": "https://toscrape.com",
    "screenshot": true
}

curl \
    --user YOUR_API_KEY: \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data @input.json \
    --compressed \
    https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract \
    | jq --raw-output .screenshot \
    | base64 --decode \
    > screenshot.jpg

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;

class Example {
  private static final String API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY";

  public static void main(final String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, IOException, ParseException {
    Map<String, Object> parameters =
        ImmutableMap.of("url", "https://toscrape.com", "screenshot", true);
    String requestBody = new Gson().toJson(parameters);

    HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, buildAuthHeader());
    request.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
      try (CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request)) {
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String apiResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(apiResponse).getAsJsonObject();
        String base64Screenshot = jsonObject.get("screenshot").getAsString();
        byte[] screenshot = Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64Screenshot);
      }
    }
  }

  private static String buildAuthHeader() {
    String auth = API_KEY + ":";
    String encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    return "Basic " + encodedAuth;
  }
}

const axios = require('axios')

axios.post(
  'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract',
  {
    url: 'https://toscrape.com',
    screenshot: true
  },
  {
    auth: { username: 'YOUR_API_KEY' }
  }
).then((response) => {
  const screenshot = Buffer.from(response.data.screenshot, 'base64')
})

<?php

$client = new GuzzleHttp\Client();
$response = $client->request('POST', 'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract', [
    'auth' => ['YOUR_API_KEY', ''],
    'headers' => ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip'],
    'json' => [
        'url' => 'https://toscrape.com',
        'screenshot' => true,
    ],
]);
$api = json_decode($response->getBody());
$screenshot = base64_decode($api->screenshot);

from base64 import b64decode

import requests

api_response = requests.post(
    "https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract",
    auth=("YOUR_API_KEY", ""),
    json={
        "url": "https://toscrape.com",
        "screenshot": True,
    },
)
screenshot: bytes = b64decode(api_response.json()["screenshot"])

import asyncio
from base64 import b64decode

from zyte_api import AsyncZyteAPI


async def main():
    client = AsyncZyteAPI()
    api_response = await client.get(
        {
            "url": "https://toscrape.com",
            "screenshot": True,
        }
    )
    screenshot = b64decode(api_response["screenshot"])
    with open("screenshot.jpg", "wb") as f:
        f.write(screenshot)


asyncio.run(main())

from base64 import b64decode

from scrapy import Request, Spider


class ToScrapeComSpider(Spider):
    name = "toscrape_com"

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(
            "https://toscrape.com",
            meta={
                "zyte_api_automap": {
                    "screenshot": True,
                },
            },
        )

    def parse(self, response):
        screenshot: bytes = b64decode(response.raw_api_response["screenshot"])

Output:

Actions#

In browser requests use the actions request field to define a sequence of browser actions to perform before output generation.

Example

Note

Install and configure code example requirements and the Zyte CA certificate to run the example below.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using HtmlAgilityPack;

HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler()
{
    AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.All
};
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

var apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";
var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetBytes(apiKey + ":");
var auth = System.Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + auth);

client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "br, gzip, deflate");

var input = new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    {"url", "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll"},
    {"browserHtml", true},
    {
        "actions",
        new List<Dictionary<string, object>>()
        {
            new Dictionary<string, object>()
            {
                {"action", "scrollBottom"}
            }
        }
    }
};
var inputJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(input);
var content = new StringContent(inputJson, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");

HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract", content);
var body = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();

var data = JsonDocument.Parse(body);
var browserHtml = data.RootElement.GetProperty("browserHtml").ToString();
var htmlDocument = new HtmlDocument();
htmlDocument.LoadHtml(browserHtml);
var navigator = htmlDocument.CreateNavigator();
var quoteCount = (double)navigator.Evaluate("count(//*[@class=\"quote\"])");
input.jsonl#
{"url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll", "browserHtml": true, "actions": [{"action": "scrollBottom"}]}

zyte-api input.jsonl \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml \
    | xmllint --html --xpath 'count(//*[@class="quote"])' - 2> /dev/null
input.json#
{
    "url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
    "browserHtml": true,
    "actions": [
        {
            "action": "scrollBottom"
        }
    ]
}

curl \
    --user YOUR_API_KEY: \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data @input.json \
    --compressed \
    https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml \
    | xmllint --html --xpath 'count(//*[@class="quote"])' - 2> /dev/null

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;

class Example {

  private static final String API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY";

  public static void main(final String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, IOException, ParseException {
    Map<String, Object> action = ImmutableMap.of("action", "scrollBottom");
    Map<String, Object> parameters =
        ImmutableMap.of(
            "url",
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
            "browserHtml",
            true,
            "actions",
            Collections.singletonList(action));
    String requestBody = new Gson().toJson(parameters);

    HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, buildAuthHeader());
    request.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
      try (CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request)) {
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String apiResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(apiResponse).getAsJsonObject();
        String browserHtml = jsonObject.get("browserHtml").getAsString();
        Document document = Jsoup.parse(browserHtml);
        int quoteCount = document.select(".quote").size();
      }
    }
  }

  private static String buildAuthHeader() {
    String auth = API_KEY + ":";
    String encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    return "Basic " + encodedAuth;
  }
}

const axios = require('axios')
const cheerio = require('cheerio')

axios.post(
  'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract',
  {
    url: 'https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll',
    browserHtml: true,
    actions: [
      {
        action: 'scrollBottom'
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    auth: { username: 'YOUR_API_KEY' }
  }
).then((response) => {
  const browserHtml = response.data.browserHtml
  const $ = cheerio.load(browserHtml)
  const quoteCount = $('.quote').length
})

<?php

$client = new GuzzleHttp\Client();
$response = $client->request('POST', 'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract', [
    'auth' => ['YOUR_API_KEY', ''],
    'headers' => ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip'],
    'json' => [
        'url' => 'https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll',
        'browserHtml' => true,
        'actions' => [
            ['action' => 'scrollBottom'],
        ],
    ],
]);
$data = json_decode($response->getBody());
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML($data->browserHtml);
$xpath = new DOMXPath($doc);
$quote_count = $xpath->query("//*[@class='quote']")->count();

import requests
from parsel import Selector

api_response = requests.post(
    "https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract",
    auth=("YOUR_API_KEY", ""),
    json={
        "url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
        "browserHtml": True,
        "actions": [
            {
                "action": "scrollBottom",
            },
        ],
    },
)
browser_html = api_response.json()["browserHtml"]
quote_count = len(Selector(browser_html).css(".quote"))

import asyncio

from parsel import Selector
from zyte_api import AsyncZyteAPI


async def main():
    client = AsyncZyteAPI()
    api_response = await client.get(
        {
            "url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
            "browserHtml": True,
            "actions": [
                {
                    "action": "scrollBottom",
                },
            ],
        },
    )
    browser_html = api_response["browserHtml"]
    quote_count = len(Selector(browser_html).css(".quote"))
    print(quote_count)


asyncio.run(main())

from scrapy import Request, Spider


class QuotesToScrapeComSpider(Spider):
    name = "quotes_toscrape_com"

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
            meta={
                "zyte_api_automap": {
                    "browserHtml": True,
                    "actions": [
                        {
                            "action": "scrollBottom",
                        },
                    ],
                },
            },
        )

    def parse(self, response):
        quote_count = len(response.css(".quote"))

Output:

100

For a more complex example, see the web scraping tutorial.

Action types#

Zyte API supports 3 types of browser actions:

  • Generic actions work on every website. They allow you to type text into input fields, emulate mouse input, and wait for events or time.

  • Special actions expose functionality that requires specific knowledge of the target website, such as using their search box or filling a form.

    They are only available for certain websites. To find out if an action is available for a given website, send a test request using that action. If the action is not supported, you will get an error API response indicating so.

  • Browser scripts.

Action limits#

You are free to use as many browser actions as you wish, but total browser execution time is limited to 60 seconds. If your actions are still running by that time, the on-going action is interrupted, follow-up actions are not executed at all, and you get your requested output (browser HTML, screenshot) as it was rendered at that time.

The Zyte API response includes an action key that provides details about action execution, including elapsedTime, error, and status fields to help you debug your actions, e.g. to find out which actions were executed successfully and which actions were not.

Action selectors#

Browser actions that interact with a webpage element all have a selector key that allows you to define how to find the target webpage element.

You must define a query to find the target webpage element in the selector.value field.

You must specify the language of your query in the selector.type field, which supports the following values: CSS Selector (css), XPath 1.0 (xpath). For information about these query languages, see Learning CSS and XPath.

Note that selectors have some limitations:

Wait actions#

You can use the following browser actions to introduce wait times in your browser action sequences or in your browser scripts: waitForSelector, waitForRequest, waitForResponse, and waitForTimeout.

Whenever you need to wait for something to happen on a webpage, your should consider using waitForSelector first. It waits for an element matching a given selector. By default, it waits for a matching visible element, but you can change selector.state to attached, to wait for an element to exist regardless of visibility, or to hidden, to wait for a matching invisible element.

Tip

For a usage example of waitForSelector, see the web scraping tutorial.

waitForRequest and waitForResponse wait for a request to be sent or for a response to be received, filtering by URL pattern.

waitForTimeout pauses your sequence of actions or your browser script for the specified amount of time. Because action run time is limited, you should avoid using this type of action when an alternative waiting action can replace it. However, this action can be necessary for certain scenarios, such as following organic website-access patterns.

Network capture#

In browser requests, use the networkCapture request field to define filters to capture network responses received during browser rendering (including action execution).

Example

Note

Install and configure code example requirements and the Zyte CA certificate to run the example below.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler()
{
    AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.All
};
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

var apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";
var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetBytes(apiKey + ":");
var auth = System.Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + auth);

client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "br, gzip, deflate");

var input = new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    {"url", "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll"},
    {"browserHtml", true},
    {
        "networkCapture",
        new List<Dictionary<string, object>>()
        {
            new Dictionary<string, object>()
            {
                {"filterType", "url"},
                {"httpResponseBody", true},
                {"value", "/api/"},
                {"matchType", "contains"}
            }
        }
    }
};
var inputJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(input);
var content = new StringContent(inputJson, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");

HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract", content);
var apiBody = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();

var data = JsonDocument.Parse(apiBody);
var captureEnumerator = data.RootElement.GetProperty("networkCapture").EnumerateArray();
captureEnumerator.MoveNext();
var capture = captureEnumerator.Current;
var base64Body = capture.GetProperty("httpResponseBody").ToString();
var body = System.Convert.FromBase64String(base64Body);

var captureData = JsonDocument.Parse(body);
var quoteEnumerator = captureData.RootElement.GetProperty("quotes").EnumerateArray();
quoteEnumerator.MoveNext();
var quote = quoteEnumerator.Current;
var authorEnumerator = quote.GetProperty("author").EnumerateObject();
while (authorEnumerator.MoveNext())
{
    if (authorEnumerator.Current.Name.ToString() == "name")
    {
        Console.WriteLine(authorEnumerator.Current.Value.ToString());
        break;
    }
}
input.jsonl#
{"url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll", "browserHtml": true, "networkCapture": [{"filterType": "url", "httpResponseBody": true, "value": "/api/", "matchType": "contains"}]}

zyte-api input.jsonl \
    | jq --raw-output ".networkCapture[0].httpResponseBody" \
    | base64 --decode \
    | jq --raw-output ".quotes[0].author.name"
input.json#
{
    "url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
    "browserHtml": true,
    "networkCapture": [
        {
            "filterType": "url",
            "httpResponseBody": true,
            "value": "/api/",
            "matchType": "contains"
        }
    ]
}

curl \
    --user YOUR_API_KEY: \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data @input.json \
    --compressed \
    https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract \
    | jq --raw-output ".networkCapture[0].httpResponseBody" \
    | base64 --decode \
    | jq --raw-output ".quotes[0].author.name"

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonArray;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;

class Example {

  private static final String API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY";

  public static void main(final String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, IOException, ParseException {
    Map<String, Object> filter =
        ImmutableMap.of(
            "filterType", "url", "httpResponseBody", true, "value", "/api/", "matchType", "contains");
    Map<String, Object> parameters =
        ImmutableMap.of(
            "url",
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
            "browserHtml",
            true,
            "networkCapture",
            Collections.singletonList(filter));
    String requestBody = new Gson().toJson(parameters);

    HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, buildAuthHeader());
    request.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
      try (CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request)) {
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String apiResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(apiResponse).getAsJsonObject();
        JsonArray captures = jsonObject.get("networkCapture").getAsJsonArray();
        JsonObject capture = captures.get(0).getAsJsonObject();
        byte[] bodyBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(capture.get("httpResponseBody").getAsString());
        String body = new String(bodyBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        JsonObject data = JsonParser.parseString(body).getAsJsonObject();
        JsonObject quote = data.get("quotes").getAsJsonArray().get(0).getAsJsonObject();
        String authorName = quote.get("author").getAsJsonObject().get("name").getAsString();
        System.out.println(authorName);
      }
    }
  }

  private static String buildAuthHeader() {
    String auth = API_KEY + ":";
    String encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    return "Basic " + encodedAuth;
  }
}

const axios = require('axios')

axios.post(
  'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract',
  {
    url: 'https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll',
    browserHtml: true,
    networkCapture: [
      {
        filterType: 'url',
        httpResponseBody: true,
        value: '/api/',
        matchType: 'contains'
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    auth: { username: 'YOUR_API_KEY' }
  }
).then((response) => {
  const capture = response.data.networkCapture[0]
  const data = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(capture.httpResponseBody, 'base64'))
  console.log(data.quotes[0].author.name)
})

<?php

$client = new GuzzleHttp\Client();
$response = $client->request('POST', 'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract', [
    'auth' => ['YOUR_API_KEY', ''],
    'headers' => ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip'],
    'json' => [
        'url' => 'https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll',
        'browserHtml' => true,
        'networkCapture' => [
            [
                'filterType' => 'url',
                'httpResponseBody' => true,
                'value' => '/api/',
                'matchType' => 'contains',
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);
$api_response = json_decode($response->getBody());
$capture = $api_response->networkCapture[0];
$data = json_decode(base64_decode($capture->httpResponseBody));
echo $data->quotes[0]->author->name.PHP_EOL;

import json
from base64 import b64decode

import requests

api_response = requests.post(
    "https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract",
    auth=("YOUR_API_KEY", ""),
    json={
        "url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
        "browserHtml": True,
        "networkCapture": [
            {
                "filterType": "url",
                "httpResponseBody": True,
                "value": "/api/",
                "matchType": "contains",
            },
        ],
    },
)
capture = api_response.json()["networkCapture"][0]
data = json.loads(b64decode(capture["httpResponseBody"]).decode())
print(data["quotes"][0]["author"]["name"])

import asyncio
import json
from base64 import b64decode

from zyte_api import AsyncZyteAPI


async def main():
    client = AsyncZyteAPI()
    api_response = await client.get(
        {
            "url": "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
            "browserHtml": True,
            "networkCapture": [
                {
                    "filterType": "url",
                    "httpResponseBody": True,
                    "value": "/api/",
                    "matchType": "contains",
                },
            ],
        },
    )
    capture = api_response["networkCapture"][0]
    data = json.loads(b64decode(capture["httpResponseBody"]).decode())
    print(data["quotes"][0]["author"]["name"])


asyncio.run(main())

import json
from base64 import b64decode

from scrapy import Request, Spider


class QuotesToScrapeComSpider(Spider):
    name = "quotes_toscrape_com"

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(
            "https://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll",
            meta={
                "zyte_api_automap": {
                    "browserHtml": True,
                    "networkCapture": [
                        {
                            "filterType": "url",
                            "httpResponseBody": True,
                            "value": "/api/",
                            "matchType": "contains",
                        },
                    ],
                },
            },
        )

    def parse(self, response):
        capture = response.raw_api_response["networkCapture"][0]
        data = json.loads(b64decode(capture["httpResponseBody"]).decode())
        print(data["quotes"][0]["author"]["name"])

Output:

Albert Einstein

See also Use network capture in the web scraping tutorial.

Request headers#

In browser requests, use the requestHeaders.referer request field to set the Referer header.

Example

Note

Install and configure code example requirements and the Zyte CA certificate to run the example below.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml.XPath;
using HtmlAgilityPack;

HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler()
{
    AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.All
};
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

var apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";
var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetBytes(apiKey + ":");
var auth = System.Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + auth);

client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "br, gzip, deflate");

var input = new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    {"url", "https://httpbin.org/anything"},
    {"browserHtml", true},
    {
        "requestHeaders",
        new Dictionary<string, object>()
        {
            {"referer", "https://example.org/"}
        }
    }
};
var inputJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(input);
var content = new StringContent(inputJson, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");

HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract", content);
var body = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();

var data = JsonDocument.Parse(body);
var browserHtml = data.RootElement.GetProperty("browserHtml").ToString();
var htmlDocument = new HtmlDocument();
htmlDocument.LoadHtml(browserHtml);
var navigator = htmlDocument.CreateNavigator();
var nodeIterator = (XPathNodeIterator)navigator.Evaluate("//text()");
nodeIterator.MoveNext();
var responseJson = nodeIterator.Current.ToString();
var responseData = JsonDocument.Parse(responseJson);
var headerEnumerator = responseData.RootElement.GetProperty("headers").EnumerateObject();
var headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
while (headerEnumerator.MoveNext())
{
    headers.Add(
        headerEnumerator.Current.Name.ToString(),
        headerEnumerator.Current.Value.ToString()
    );
}
input.jsonl#
{"url": "https://httpbin.org/anything", "browserHtml": true, "requestHeaders": {"referer": "https://example.org/"}}

zyte-api input.jsonl \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml \
    | xmllint --html --xpath '//text()' - 2> /dev/null \
    | jq .headers
input.json#
{
    "url": "https://httpbin.org/anything",
    "browserHtml": true,
    "requestHeaders": {
        "referer": "https://example.org/"
    }
}

curl \
    --user YOUR_API_KEY: \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data @input.json \
    --compressed \
    https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml \
    | xmllint --html --xpath '//text()' - 2> /dev/null \
    | jq .headers

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;

class Example {
  private static final String API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY";

  public static void main(final String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, IOException, ParseException {
    Map<String, Object> requestHeaders = ImmutableMap.of("referer", "https://example.org/");
    Map<String, Object> parameters =
        ImmutableMap.of(
            "url",
            "https://httpbin.org/anything",
            "browserHtml",
            true,
            "requestHeaders",
            requestHeaders);
    String requestBody = new Gson().toJson(parameters);

    HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, buildAuthHeader());
    request.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
      try (CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request)) {
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String apiResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(apiResponse).getAsJsonObject();
        String browserHtml = jsonObject.get("browserHtml").getAsString();
        Document document = Jsoup.parse(browserHtml);
        JsonObject data = JsonParser.parseString(document.text()).getAsJsonObject();
        JsonObject headers = data.get("headers").getAsJsonObject();
      }
    }
  }

  private static String buildAuthHeader() {
    String auth = API_KEY + ":";
    String encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    return "Basic " + encodedAuth;
  }
}

const axios = require('axios')
const cheerio = require('cheerio')

axios.post(
  'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract',
  {
    url: 'https://httpbin.org/anything',
    browserHtml: true,
    requestHeaders: {
      referer: 'https://example.org/'
    }
  },
  {
    auth: { username: 'YOUR_API_KEY' }
  }
).then((response) => {
  const $ = cheerio.load(response.data.browserHtml)
  const data = JSON.parse($.text())
  const headers = data.headers
})

<?php

$client = new GuzzleHttp\Client();
$response = $client->request('POST', 'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract', [
    'auth' => ['YOUR_API_KEY', ''],
    'headers' => ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip'],
    'json' => [
        'url' => 'https://httpbin.org/anything',
        'browserHtml' => true,
        'requestHeaders' => [
            'referer' => 'https://example.org/',
        ],
    ],
]);
$api = json_decode($response->getBody());
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML($api->browserHtml);
$data = json_decode($doc->textContent);
$headers = $data->headers;

import json

import requests
from parsel import Selector

api_response = requests.post(
    "https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract",
    auth=("YOUR_API_KEY", ""),
    json={
        "url": "https://httpbin.org/anything",
        "browserHtml": True,
        "requestHeaders": {
            "referer": "https://example.org/",
        },
    },
)
browser_html = api_response.json()["browserHtml"]
selector = Selector(browser_html)
response_json = selector.xpath("//text()").get()
response_data = json.loads(response_json)
headers = response_data["headers"]

import asyncio
import json

from parsel import Selector
from zyte_api import AsyncZyteAPI


async def main():
    client = AsyncZyteAPI()
    api_response = await client.get(
        {
            "url": "https://httpbin.org/anything",
            "browserHtml": True,
            "requestHeaders": {
                "referer": "https://example.org/",
            },
        }
    )
    browser_html = api_response["browserHtml"]
    selector = Selector(browser_html)
    response_json = selector.xpath("//text()").get()
    response_data = json.loads(response_json)
    print(json.dumps(response_data["headers"], indent=2))


asyncio.run(main())

import json

from scrapy import Request, Spider


class HTTPBinOrgSpider(Spider):
    name = "httpbin_org"

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(
            "https://httpbin.org/anything",
            headers={"Referer": "https://example.org/"},
            meta={
                "zyte_api_automap": {
                    "browserHtml": True,
                },
            },
        )

    def parse(self, response):
        response_json = response.xpath("//text()").get()
        response_data = json.loads(response_json)
        headers = response_data["headers"]

Output (first 5 lines):

{
  "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7",
  "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
  "Accept-Language": "ru,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,tr;q=0.7,en-CA;q=0.6,fr-CA;q=0.5,fr;q=0.4",
  "Host": "httpbin.org",

At the moment, only the Referer header can be overridden this way. If you need to override additional headers, use HTTP requests with their customHttpRequestHeaders request field instead.

Redirection#

Browser requests always follow HTTP redirection and other URL changes triggered during browser rendering, e.g. by HTML or by JavaScript.

Tip

HTTP requests support not following redirection.

JavaScript#

Browser requests have JavaScript execution enabled by default for most websites. For some websites, however, JavaScript execution is disabled by default because it helps avoiding bans or automating extraction.

Use the javascript request field to force whether or not JavaScript execution should be enabled on a browser request.

Example

Note

Install and configure code example requirements and the Zyte CA certificate to run the example below.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml.XPath;
using HtmlAgilityPack;

HttpClientHandler handler = new HttpClientHandler()
{
    AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.All
};
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(handler);

var apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";
var bytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetBytes(apiKey + ":");
var auth = System.Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + auth);

client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Accept-Encoding", "br, gzip, deflate");

var input = new Dictionary<string, object>(){
    {"url", "https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled"},
    {"browserHtml", true},
    {"javascript", false}
};
var inputJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(input);
var content = new StringContent(inputJson, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");

HttpResponseMessage response = await client.PostAsync("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract", content);
var body = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();

var data = JsonDocument.Parse(body);
var browserHtml = data.RootElement.GetProperty("browserHtml").ToString();
var htmlDocument = new HtmlDocument();
htmlDocument.LoadHtml(browserHtml);
var navigator = htmlDocument.CreateNavigator();
var nodeIterator = (XPathNodeIterator)navigator.Evaluate("//*[@id=\"detected_value\"]/text()");
nodeIterator.MoveNext();
var isJavaScriptEnabled = nodeIterator.Current.ToString();
input.jsonl#
{"url": "https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled", "browserHtml": true, "javascript": false}

zyte-api input.jsonl \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml \
    | xmllint --html --xpath '//*[@id="detected_value"]/text()' - 2> /dev/null
input.json#
{
    "url": "https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled",
    "browserHtml": true,
    "javascript": false
}

curl \
    --user YOUR_API_KEY: \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data @input.json \
    --compressed \
    https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract \
    | jq --raw-output .browserHtml \
    | xmllint --html --xpath '//*[@id="detected_value"]/text()' - 2> /dev/null

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ContentType;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.StringEntity;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;

class Example {
  private static final String API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY";

  public static void main(final String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, IOException, ParseException {
    Map<String, Object> parameters =
        ImmutableMap.of(
            "url",
            "https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled",
            "browserHtml",
            true,
            "javascript",
            false);
    String requestBody = new Gson().toJson(parameters);

    HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate");
    request.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, buildAuthHeader());
    request.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));

    try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
      try (CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request)) {
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String apiResponse = EntityUtils.toString(entity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(apiResponse).getAsJsonObject();
        String browserHtml = jsonObject.get("browserHtml").getAsString();
        Document document = Jsoup.parse(browserHtml);
        String isJavaScriptEnabled = document.select("#detected_value").text();
      }
    }
  }

  private static String buildAuthHeader() {
    String auth = API_KEY + ":";
    String encodedAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    return "Basic " + encodedAuth;
  }
}

const axios = require('axios')
const cheerio = require('cheerio')

axios.post(
  'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract',
  {
    url: 'https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled',
    browserHtml: true,
    javascript: false
  },
  {
    auth: { username: 'YOUR_API_KEY' }
  }
).then((response) => {
  const $ = cheerio.load(response.data.browserHtml)
  const isJavaScriptEnabled = $('#detected_value').text()
})

<?php

$client = new GuzzleHttp\Client();
$response = $client->request('POST', 'https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract', [
    'auth' => ['YOUR_API_KEY', ''],
    'headers' => ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip'],
    'json' => [
        'url' => 'https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled',
        'browserHtml' => true,
        'javascript' => false,
    ],
]);
$api = json_decode($response->getBody());
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML($api->browserHtml);
$xpath = new DOMXPath($doc);
$is_javascript_enabled = $xpath->query("//*[@id='detected_value']")->item(0)->textContent;

import requests
from parsel import Selector

api_response = requests.post(
    "https://api.zyte.com/v1/extract",
    auth=("YOUR_API_KEY", ""),
    json={
        "url": "https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled",
        "browserHtml": True,
        "javascript": False,
    },
)
browser_html = api_response.json()["browserHtml"]
selector = Selector(browser_html)
is_javascript_enabled: str = selector.css("#detected_value::text").get()

import asyncio

from parsel import Selector
from zyte_api import AsyncZyteAPI


async def main():
    client = AsyncZyteAPI()
    api_response = await client.get(
        {
            "url": "https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled",
            "browserHtml": True,
            "javascript": False,
        }
    )
    browser_html = api_response["browserHtml"]
    selector = Selector(browser_html)
    is_javascript_enabled = selector.css("#detected_value::text").get()
    print(is_javascript_enabled)


asyncio.run(main())

from scrapy import Request, Spider


class WhatIsMyBrowserComSpider(Spider):
    name = "whatismybrowser_com"

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(
            "https://www.whatismybrowser.com/detect/is-javascript-enabled",
            meta={
                "zyte_api_automap": {
                    "browserHtml": True,
                    "javascript": False,
                },
            },
        )

    def parse(self, response):
        is_javascript_enabled: str = response.css("#detected_value::text").get()

Output:

No